The thing about Chinese philosophy is that it didn’t just have an affect on a select few who sought it out like philosophy in the western world. It involved multiple cultures and has influenced them for thousands and thousands of years whether they welcomed it or not. This may not be the best introduction, but these facts are of great consequence when taken into consideration for the topic at hand, which are the different methods of moral cultivation produced by ancient Chinese thinkers. This is not some frivolous subject matter that can be brushed off as worthless. It has permeated all eastern religions as well as many western ones. It has shaped education, government and daily lifestyles in many different countries. It will enlighten all those that venture within its realm. I understand that most people realize its magnitude but I find it necessary to reiterate it for the sole purpose of solidifying the importance of the content I will cover.
Moral cultivation was a highly crucial aspect among the Chinese people and they were adamant about doing it correctly. Historically there has been one great school of thought that directed all the others. This was Confucianism and it did indeed purport a remarkably tedious course by which one could cultivate their morality. I will present this course and explain it. However, it is impossible to discuss Confucius without passing through the ideas and teaching of Zhu Xi, who is considered to be the most influential neo-Confucianist. Zhu Xi also taught the proper course of self cultivation although it is different than that of Confucius. It will be necessary to look at both courses and compare the two in order to determine what they have to offer and the importance in the differences.
The course of moral cultivation that Confucius teaches can be found in Analects 8.8 it states, “The Master said, Get your start with the Odes; acquire a firm standing through ritual; complete the process with music” (Watson 55). It is clear from this passage that Confucius identifies 3 separates stages through which a person must pass in order to reach the echelon of sage hood which is the highest degree of moral cultivation. Read the rest of this entry »